Brachyolmia type 3

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Disease Profile

Brachyolmia type 3

US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Childhood

ICD-10

Q76.3

Inheritance

Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

Not applicable

Other names (AKA)

Brachyolmia autosomal dominant; Brachyrachia; Autosomal dominant brachyolmia

Summary

The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs.

Orpha Number: 93304

Definition

A relatively severe form of brachyolmia, a group of rare genetic skeletal disorders, characterized by short-trunked short stature, platyspondyly and kyphoscoliosis. Degenerative joint disease (osteoarthropathy) in the spine, large joints and interphalangeal joints becomes manifest in adulthood.

Epidemiology

The precise prevalence of this form of brachyolmia is not known. About 30 cases have been reported.

Clinical description

Patients with Brachyolmia type 3 generally have a normal birth weight and length. Affected individuals present with moderately short trunk/short stature and mildly short limbs in childhood. Kyphoscoliosis is common and sometimes severe. Adult patients develop degenerative joint disease in the spine, large joints and small joints of the hands and feet, which may cause significant musculoskeletal morbidity, such as chronic pain in the extremities and spine, and paresthesia. Final adult height is reported to be 155-168 cm (males) and 136-150 cm (females). The radiographic features include severe platyspondyly particularly in the cervical spine, elongated vertebral bodies (overfaced pedicles), broad ilia, and mild metaphyseal irregularity in the proximal femora. Carpal ossification may be mildly delayed, and mild brachydactyly may exist.

Etiology

Heterozygous mutations in the TRPV4 gene (12q24.11) are responsible for autosomal dominant brachyolmia. TRPV4 mutations are associated with other skeletal dysplasias, including lethal and nonlethal metatropic dysplasia, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia Maroteaux type, and spondylometaphyseal dysplasia Kozlowski type (see these terms). Autosomal dominant brachyolmia falls into the mildest end of the TRPV4-associated skeletal dysplasia group. TRPV4 encodes a Ca-permeable, non-selective cation channel that participates in the regulation of osmotic sensitivity and mechanosensitivity. It remains to be explained how dysregulation of the cation channel causes the skeletal abnormalities.

Genetic counseling

Genetic counseling should be provided to affected families, in consideration of the autosomal dominant mode of inheritance.

Visit the Orphanet disease page for more resources.

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms	Other Names	Learn More: HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Increased vertebral height		0004570
Kyphoscoliosis		0002751
Platyspondyly	Flattened vertebrae	0000926
Short stature	Decreased body height Small stature [ more ]	0004322
Short thorax	Shorter than typical length between neck and abdomen	0010306
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Abnormality of the metaphysis	Abnormality of the wide portion of a long bone	0000944
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Autosomal dominant inheritance		0000006
Barrel-shaped chest	Barrel chest	0001552
Childhood-onset short-trunk short stature	Disproportionate short-trunk short stature, identifiable in childhood Short-trunk dwarfism identifiable during childhood [ more ]	0008922
Clinodactyly	Permanent curving of the finger	0030084
Hypermetropia	Farsightedness Long-sightedness [ more ]	0000540
Kyphosis	Hunched back Round back [ more ]	0002808
Proximal femoral metaphyseal irregularity		0003411
Radial deviation of finger		0009466
Scoliosis		0002650
Short femoral neck	Short neck of thighbone	0100864
Short neck	Decreased length of neck	0000470
Spinal cord compression	Pressure on spinal cord	0002176

Do you have updated information on this disease? We want to hear from you.

Diagnosis

Making a diagnosis for a genetic or rare disease can often be challenging. Healthcare professionals typically look at a person’s medical history, symptoms, physical exam, and laboratory test results in order to make a diagnosis. The following resources provide information relating to diagnosis and testing for this condition. If you have questions about getting a diagnosis, you should contact a healthcare professional.

Testing Resources

The Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) provides information about the genetic tests for this condition. The intended audience for the GTR is health care providers and researchers. Patients and consumers with specific questions about a genetic test should contact a health care provider or a genetics professional.

Organizations

Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

Organizations Supporting this Disease

Little People of America, Inc.
617 Broadway #518
Sonoma, CA 95476
Toll-free: 1-888-572-2001
Telephone: +1-714-368-3689
Fax: +1-707-721-1896
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: https://www.lpaonline.org/

Learn more

These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

In-Depth Information

The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Brachyolmia type 3. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.

Rare Pulmonology News

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Childhood

Q76.3

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

Not applicable

Other names (AKA)

Categories

Summary

Symptoms

Diagnosis

Testing Resources

Organizations

Organizations Supporting this Disease

Learn more

In-Depth Information

Rare Pulmonology News

Rare Pulmonology News

Childhood

Q76.3

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

X-linked dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

X-linked recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

Not applicable

Other names (AKA)

Categories

Summary

Symptoms

Diagnosis

Testing Resources

Organizations

Organizations Supporting this Disease

Learn more

In-Depth Information

X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.