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Disease Profile

Neuroferritinopathy

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

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US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Adult

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ICD-10

G23.0

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

Ferritin-related neurodegeneration; Basal ganglia disease adult-onset

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Metabolic disorders; Nervous System Diseases

Summary

Neuroferritinopathy is a movement disorder caused by the gradual accumulation of iron in the basal ganglia of the brain. People with neuroferritinopathy have progressive problems with movement that begin at about age 40. These movement problems can include involuntary jerking motions (chorea), rhythmic shaking (tremor), difficulty coordinating movements (ataxia), or uncontrolled tensing of muscles (dystonia). Symptoms of the disorder may be more prominent on one side of the body. Affected individuals may also have difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) and speaking (dysarthria). Intelligence is generally unaffected, but some individuals develop a gradual decline in thinking and reasoning abilities (dementia). Personality changes such as reduced inhibitions and difficulty controlling emotions may also occur as the disorder progresses. Neuroferritinopathy is caused by mutations in the FTL gene. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion.[1]

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Decreased serum ferritin
Low ferritin level
Reduced serum ferritin

[ more ]

0012343
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Abnormal putamen morphology
0031982
Abnormality of the dentate nucleus
0100321
Bradykinesia
Slow movements
Slowness of movements

[ more ]

0002067
Chorea
0002072
Difficulty walking
Difficulty in walking
0002355
Dysarthria
Difficulty articulating speech
0001260
Dysphagia
Poor swallowing
Swallowing difficulties
Swallowing difficulty

[ more ]

0002015
Dysphonia
Inability to produce voice sounds
0001618
Emotional lability
Emotional instability
0000712
Hypomimic face
Dull facial expression
0000338
Iron accumulation in globus pallidus
0012677
Iron accumulation in substantia nigra
0012678
Leg dystonia
0031959
Orofacial dyskinesia
0002310
T2 hypointense thalamus
0012690
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Arm dystonia
0031960
Blepharospasm
Eyelid spasm
Eyelid twitching
Involuntary closure of eyelid
Spontaneous closure of eyelid

[ more ]

0000643
Brisk reflexes
0001348
Caudate atrophy
0002340
Hyperreflexia in upper limbs
0007350
Impaired smooth pursuit
0007772
Loss of voice
0001686
Lower limb hyperreflexia
Overactive lower leg reflex
0002395
Palatal myoclonus
0010530
Parkinsonism
0001300
Weak voice
Soft voice
0001621
Writer's cramp
0002356
1%-4% of people have these symptoms
Babinski sign
0003487
Frontal lobe dementia
0000727
Increased CSF protein
0002922
Psychosis
0000709
Resting tremor
Tremor at rest
0002322
Subcortical dementia
0007123
Upgaze palsy
0025331
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Abnormal cerebellum morphology
Abnormality of the cerebellum
Cerebellar abnormalities
Cerebellar abnormality
Cerebellar anomaly

[ more ]

0001317
Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis
Laboratory abnormality
Metabolism abnormality

[ more ]

0001939
Anarthria
Loss of articulate speech
0002425
Ataxia
0001251
Autosomal dominant inheritance
0000006
Cavitation of the basal ganglia
0007007
Choreoathetosis
0001266
Disinhibition
0000734
Dyskinesia
Disorder of involuntary muscle movements
0100660
Hyperreflexia
Increased reflexes
0001347
Laryngeal dystonia
0012049
Micrographia
0031908
Mutism
Inability to speak
Muteness

[ more ]

0002300
Neurodegeneration
Ongoing loss of nerve cells
0002180
Progressive
Worsens with time
0003676
Rigidity
Muscle rigidity
0002063
Spasticity
Involuntary muscle stiffness, contraction, or spasm
0001257
Tremor
0001337

Diagnosis

Making a diagnosis for a genetic or rare disease can often be challenging. Healthcare professionals typically look at a person’s medical history, symptoms, physical exam, and laboratory test results in order to make a diagnosis. The following resources provide information relating to diagnosis and testing for this condition. If you have questions about getting a diagnosis, you should contact a healthcare professional.

Testing Resources

  • The Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) provides information about the genetic tests for this condition. The intended audience for the GTR is health care providers and researchers. Patients and consumers with specific questions about a genetic test should contact a health care provider or a genetics professional.

    Organizations

    Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

    Organizations Supporting this Disease

      Learn more

      These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

      Where to Start

        In-Depth Information

        • GeneReviews provides current, expert-authored, peer-reviewed, full-text articles describing the application of genetic testing to the diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling of patients with specific inherited conditions.
        • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
        • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
        • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
        • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Neuroferritinopathy. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.

          References

          1. Neuroferritinopathy. Genetics Home Reference (GHR). July 2008; https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition=neuroferritinopathy. Accessed 9/24/2013.