Rare Pulmonology News

Advertisement

Disease Profile

Spinocerebellar ataxia autosomal recessive 4

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

<1 >

US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Adult

ageofonset-adult.svg

ICD-10

G11.1

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

no.svg

Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

rnn-autosomalrecessive.svg

X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

no.svg

X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

no.svg

Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

no.svg

Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

no.svg

Not applicable

no.svg

Other names (AKA)

SCAR4; Spinocerebellar ataxia with saccadic intrusions; SCASI;

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Nervous System Diseases

Summary

The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs.
orphanet

Orpha Number: 95434

Definition
A rare hereditary ataxia characterized by a progressive cerebellar ataxia associated with disruption of visual fixation by saccadic intrusions (overshooting horizontal saccades with macrosaccadic oscillations and increased velocity of larger saccades). It presents with progressive gait, trunk and limb ataxia with pyramidal tract signs (increased tendon reflexes and Babinski sign), myoclonic jerks, fasciculations, cerebellar dysarthria, sensorimotor axonal neuropathy with impaired joint position, vibration, temperature, pain sensations, pes cavus, and saccadic intrusions with characteristic overshooting horizontal saccades, macrosaccadic oscillations, and increased velocity of larger saccades, without other eye movement disturbances.

Visit the Orphanet disease page for more resources.

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Abnormal lower motor neuron morphology
0002366
Abnormal pyramidal sign
0007256
Abnormal visual fixation
0025404
Gait ataxia
Inability to coordinate movements when walking
0002066
Limb ataxia
0002070
Progressive cerebellar ataxia
0002073
Truncal ataxia
Instability or lack of coordination of central trunk muscles
0002078
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Dysarthria
Difficulty articulating speech
0001260
Dyslexia
Reading disability
0010522
Fasciculations
Muscle twitch
0002380
Hypermetric saccades
0007338
Impaired proprioception
0010831
Pes cavus
High-arched foot
0001761
Sensorimotor neuropathy
Nerve damage causing decreased feeling and movement
0007141
Unsteady gait
Unsteady walk
0002317
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Myoclonus
0001336
1%-4% of people have these symptoms
Abnormality of the cerebral white matter
0002500
Intellectual disability, mild
Mental retardation, borderline-mild
Mild and nonprogressive mental retardation
Mild mental retardation

[ more ]

0001256
Microcephaly
Abnormally small skull
Decreased circumference of cranium
Decreased size of skull
Reduced head circumference
Small head circumference

[ more ]

0000252
Motor delay
0001270
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Adult onset
Symptoms begin in adulthood
0003581
Ataxia
0001251
Autosomal recessive inheritance
0000007
Babinski sign
0003487
Distal amyotrophy
Distal muscle wasting
0003693
Distal muscle weakness
Weakness of outermost muscles
0002460
Dystonia
0001332
Frequent falls
0002359
Hyperreflexia
Increased reflexes
0001347
Macrosaccadic oscillations
0032105
Muscular hypotonia of the trunk
Low muscle tone in trunk
0008936
Nystagmus
Involuntary, rapid, rhythmic eye movements
0000639
Peripheral axonal neuropathy
0003477
Spasticity
Involuntary muscle stiffness, contraction, or spasm
0001257
Tremor
0001337
Variable expressivity
0003828

Diagnosis

Making a diagnosis for a genetic or rare disease can often be challenging. Healthcare professionals typically look at a person’s medical history, symptoms, physical exam, and laboratory test results in order to make a diagnosis. The following resources provide information relating to diagnosis and testing for this condition. If you have questions about getting a diagnosis, you should contact a healthcare professional.

Testing Resources

    Organizations

    Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

    Organizations Supporting this Disease

      Learn more

      These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

      Where to Start

        In-Depth Information

        • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
        • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
        • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
        • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Spinocerebellar ataxia autosomal recessive 4. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.