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Disease Profile
3-Hydroxyisobutyric aciduria
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.
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Age of onset
Antenatal
ICD-10
E71.1
Inheritance
Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.
Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.
X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.
X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.
Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.
Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.
Not applicable
Other names (AKA)
Disorder of valine metabolism
Categories
Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Metabolic disorders
Summary
3-Hydroxyisobutyric aciduria is a rare metabolic condition in which the body is unable to breakdown certain
Symptoms
Developmental delay Intellectual disability - Failure to thrive
- Characteristic facial features including a long philtrum and small, low-set ears
- Unusually small head (
microcephaly ) Congenital brain abnormalities- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Dehydration
- Lethargy
The severity of the condition can also vary significantly from person to person. Some affected people may only experience mild attacks of vomiting with normal development, while others experience failure to thrive with severe intellectual disability and early death.[2]
This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.
Medical Terms | Other Names |
Learn More:
HPO ID
|
---|---|---|
80%-99% of people have these symptoms | ||
Hypogonadotropic |
0000044 | |
Lactic acidosis |
Increased lactate in body
|
0003128 |
30%-79% of people have these symptoms | ||
Long philtrum | 0000343 | |
Microtia |
Small ears
Underdeveloped ears
[ more ] |
0008551 |
Triangular face |
Face with broad temples and narrow chin
Triangular facial shape
[ more ] |
0000325 |
5%-29% of people have these symptoms | ||
Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the cerebellum |
Absent/small cerebellum
Absent/underdeveloped cerebellum
[ more ] |
0007360 |
Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the |
0007370 | |
Cerebral calcification |
Abnormal deposits of calcium in the brain
|
0002514 |
Cerebral cortical atrophy |
Decrease in size of the outer layer of the brain due to loss of brain cells
|
0002120 |
Intrauterine growth retardation |
Prenatal growth deficiency
Prenatal growth retardation
[ more ] |
0001511 |
Microcephaly |
Abnormally small skull
Decreased circumference of cranium
Decreased size of skull
Reduced head circumference
Small head circumference
[ more ] |
0000252 |
Little lower jaw
Small jaw
Small lower jaw
[ more ] |
0000347 | |
0001250 | ||
Sloping forehead |
Inclined forehead
Receding forehead
[ more ] |
0000340 |
Ventriculomegaly | 0002119 | |
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO | ||
Abnormal facial shape |
Unusual facial appearance
|
0001999 |
Abnormality of neuronal migration | 0002269 | |
Aminoaciduria |
High urine amino acid levels
Increased levels of animo acids in urine
[ more ] |
0003355 |
0000007 | ||
Congenital intracerebral calcification | 0006906 | |
Episodic ketoacidosis | 0005974 | |
Failure to thrive |
Faltering weight
Weight faltering
[ more ] |
0001508 |
Ketoacidosis | 0001993 |
Cause
Organizations
Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.
Organizations Supporting this Disease
-
Organic Acidemia Association
9040 Duluth Street
Golden Valley, MN 55427
Telephone: 763-559-1797
Fax: 866-539-4060
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: https://www.oaanews.org/
Learn more
These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.
Where to Start
- The Organic Acidemia Association has an information page on organic acidemias. Click on Organic Acidemia Association to view the information page.
In-Depth Information
- GeneReviews provides current, expert-authored, peer-reviewed, full-text articles describing the application of genetic testing to the diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling of patients with specific inherited conditions.
- The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
- Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
- Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
- PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss 3-Hydroxyisobutyric aciduria. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.
References
- Sass JO, Walter M, Shield JP, Atherton AM, Garg U, Scott D, Woods CG, Smith LD. 3-Hydroxyisobutyrate aciduria and mutations in the ALDH6A1 gene coding for methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2012 May;35(3):437-42. May 2012; 35(3):437-442.
- Song X, Anderson V, Guzman M, Rao C. Neuropathology of 3-hydroxyisobutyric aciduria, an autopsy case report. Can J Neurol Sci. July 2009; 36(4):483-486.
- Loupatty FJ, van der Steen A, Ijlst L, Ruiter JP, Ofman R, Baumgartner MR, Ballhausen D, Yamaguchi S, Duran M, Wanders RJ. Clinical, biochemical, and molecular findings in three patients with 3-hydroxyisobutyric aciduria. Mol Genet Metab. March 2006; 87(3):243-248.
- Marcadier JL, Smith AM, Pohl D, Schwartzentruber J, Al-Dirbashi OY; FORGE Canada Consortium, Majewski J, Ferdinandusse S, Wanders RJ, Bulman DE, Boycott KM, Chakraborty P, Geraghty MT. Mutations in ALDH6A1 encoding methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase are associated with dysmyelination and transient methylmalonic aciduria. Orphanet J Rare Dis. July 2013; 8:98.
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