Rare Pulmonology News
Disease Profile
3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase deficiency (AUH defect)
Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.
<1 / 1 000 000
Age of onset
Infancy
ICD-10
E71.1
Inheritance
Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.
Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.
X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.
X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.
Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.
Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.
Not applicable
Other names (AKA)
MGA type I; 3 alpha methylglutaconic aciduria type I; 3 methylglutaconyl CoA hydratase deficiency;
Categories
Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Metabolic disorders; Newborn Screening
Summary
The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs.
Orpha Number: 67046
Definition
3-methylglutaconic aciduria (3-MGA) type I is an inborn error of leucine metabolism with a variable clinical phenotype ranging from mildly delayed speech to psychomotor retardation, coma, failure to thrive, metabolic acidosis and dystonia .
Epidemiology
The disorder is very rare with less than 20 cases reported in the literature.
Clinical manifestations usually become apparent in the neonatal period or during infancy but the diagnosis may not be made until childhood. Some of the reported patients also displayed hypoglycaemia, spastic quadriparesis, microcephaly , progressive neurological deficit, seizures , vomiting, atrophy of the basal ganglia, severe hypotonia and hepatomegly.
The syndrome is caused by mutations in the AUH gene (chromosome 9) encoding 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase, an enzyme involved in leucine degradation.
As the clinical picture is variable and nonspecific, diagnosis can be made by assay of 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase activity in fibroblasts or leukocytes , quantitative analysis of urinary organic acid excretion or, more recently, analysis of bodily fluids by NMR spectroscopy.
Patients with 3-MGA type I can be distinguished from those with other forms of 3-MGA (types II, III and IV; see these terms) by the distinctive pattern of metabolite excretion: 3-methylglutaconic acid levels are highly elevated (higher than those detected in other forms of 3-MGA) whereas methylglutaric acid levels are usually only slightly elevated, and there is a high level of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid excretion (not present in other forms of 3-MGA).
Prenatal diagnosis should be possible through detection of high levels of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid in the amniotic fluid or through enzyme analysis of cultured amniocytes .
The syndrome is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait .
Management and treatment
Treatment is largely symptomatic but dietary management with a modest leucine restriction and supplementation with L-carnitine may be beneficial in some cases.
Visit the Orphanet disease page for more resources.
Symptoms
This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.
| Medical Terms | Other Names |
Learn More:
HPO ID
|
|---|---|---|
| 80%-99% of people have these symptoms | ||
| 3-Methylglutaconic aciduria | 0003535 | |
| Failure to thrive |
Faltering weight
Weight faltering
[ more ] |
0001508 |
| 30%-79% of people have these symptoms | ||
| Delayed speech and language development |
Speech and language difficulties
Speech delay
Speech and language delay
Poor language development
Late-onset speech development
Language development deficit
Deficiency of speech development
Language delayed
Language delay
Impaired speech development
Impaired speech and language development
Delayed speech development
Delayed speech acquisition
Delayed speech
Delayed language development
[ more ] |
0000750 |
| Global |
0001263 | |
| 5%-29% of people have these symptoms | ||
| Abnormality of the basal ganglia | 0002134 | |
| Coma | 0001259 | |
| 0001332 | ||
| Hepatomegaly |
Enlarged liver
|
0002240 |
|
Low blood sugar
|
0001943 | |
|
Abnormally small skull
Decreased circumference of cranium
Decreased size of skull
Reduced head circumference
Small head circumference
[ more ] |
0000252 | |
| Progressive cerebellar |
0002073 | |
| 0001250 | ||
| Spastic tetraparesis | 0001285 | |
| 1%-4% of people have these symptoms | ||
| Abnormality of the cerebral white matter | 0002500 | |
| Adult onset |
Symptoms begin in adulthood
|
0003581 |
| Ataxia | 0001251 | |
| Athetosis |
Involuntary writhing movements in fingers, hands, toes, and feet
|
0002305 |
|
Dementia, progressive
Progressive dementia
[ more ] |
0000726 | |
| Infantile onset |
Onset in first year of life
Onset in infancy
[ more ] |
0003593 |
| Optic atrophy | 0000648 | |
| Psychomotor retardation | 0025356 | |
| Self-mutilation |
Deliberate self-harm
Self mutilation
[ more ] |
0000742 |
|
Involuntary muscle stiffness, contraction, or spasm
|
0001257 | |
| Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO | ||
| 0000007 | ||
| Cerebral atrophy |
Degeneration of cerebrum
|
0002059 |
|
Difficulty articulating speech
|
0001260 | |
| Febrile seizure (within the age range of 3 months to 6 years) |
Fever induced seizures
|
0002373 |
| Hyperreflexia |
Increased reflexes
|
0001347 |
| Leukoencephalopathy | 0002352 | |
| Metabolic acidosis | 0001942 | |
| Motor delay | 0001270 | |
| Short attention span |
Poor attention span
Problem paying attention
[ more ] |
0000736 |
| Spastic tetraplegia | 0002510 | |
| Urinary incontinence |
Loss of bladder control
|
0000020 |
Diagnosis
Making a diagnosis for a genetic or rare disease can often be challenging. Healthcare professionals typically look at a person’s medical history, symptoms, physical exam, and laboratory test results in order to make a diagnosis. The following resources provide information relating to diagnosis and testing for this condition. If you have questions about getting a diagnosis, you should contact a healthcare professional.
Newborn Screening
- The Newborn Screening Coding and Terminology Guide has information on the standard codes used for
newborn screening tests. Using these standards helps compare data across different laboratories. This resource was created by the National Library of Medicine. - An ACTion (ACT) sheet is available for this condition that describes the short-term actions a health professional should follow when an infant has a positive newborn
screening result. ACT sheets were developed by experts in collaboration with the American College of Medical Genetics. - An Algorithm flowchart is available for this condition for determining the final diagnosis in an infant with a positive newborn screening result. Algorithms are developed by experts in collaboration with the American College of Medical Genetics.
- Baby's First Test is the nation's newborn screening education center for families and providers. This site provides information and resources about screening at the local, state, and national levels and serves as the Clearinghouse for newborn screening information.
- National Newborn Screening and Global Resource Center (NNSGRC) provides information and resources in the area of newborn screening and genetics to benefit health professionals, the public health community, consumers and government officials.
Organizations
Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.
Organizations Supporting this Disease
-
Organic Acidemia Association
9040 Duluth Street
Golden Valley, MN 55427
Telephone: 763-559-1797
Fax: 866-539-4060
E-mail: mkstagni@gmail.com
Website: https://www.oaanews.org/
Learn more
These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.
Where to Start
- Genetics Home Reference (GHR) contains information on 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase deficiency (AUH defect). This website is maintained by the National Library of Medicine.
- The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) has a report for patients and families about this condition. NORD is a patient advocacy organization for individuals with rare diseases and the organizations that serve them.
In-Depth Information
- GeneReviews provides current, expert-authored, peer-reviewed, full-text articles describing the application of genetic testing to the diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling of patients with specific inherited conditions.
- The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
- Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
- Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.